Updated with a Feb. 22 federal court ruling against Trump administration efforts to delay the current methane rule.

The Trump administration has taken its first step on a slow path to loosen curbs on methane emissions from oil and gas operations on public land, after legal roadblocks stymied its efforts to quickly set aside Obama-era rules on the potent greenhouse gas.

Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke’s Bureau of Land Management published a proposal on Feb. 12 that in essence would restore the status quo from before the Obama rules took effect. Zinke is seeking to wipe out the requirements that operators monitor and detect leaks of methane, the main component of natural gas, and capture and sell the fuel instead of flaring it off or venting it to the atmosphere.

The Obama administration had portrayed the methane rules as win-win-win: reduce greenhouse gases with basic technology like better valves; capture fuel that the industry can sell; and recover royalties that are lost to the taxpayer along with the gas.

But amid low natural gas prices, the industry saw compliance costs that outweighed the money they could make selling captured gas. Oil and gas producers have waged an all-out political and legal campaign to lift the requirements—with little success. The Trump administration now has proposed an entirely new rule and opened a public notice and comment period to build the case for allowing leaky oil and gas operations on federal lands.

“In order to achieve energy dominance through responsible energy production, we need smart regulations not punitive regulations,” said Joe Balash, assistant secretary for land and minerals management. “We believe this proposed rule strikes that balance and will allow job growth in rural America.”

Matt Watson, associate vice president for climate energy at Environmental Defense Fund, said the Trump administration’s proposal would roll back every emissions reduction provision of the Obama rule. It would revert to a regime so lax that between 2009 and 2015, oil and gas producers on public and Indian lands vented, flared and leaked about 462 billion cubic feet of natural gas—enough gas to supply about 6.2 million households for a year. Estimated losses to the taxpayers in royalties ranged from $23 million to nearly $60 million annually.

“This lays bare the lie of so-called energy dominance,” Watson said. “If this administration were remotely concerned with energy security it wouldn’t open the floodgates to unmitigated waste of a domestic energy resource. The American public is getting ripped off as this administration bends over backwards to pander to the worst-operated oil and gas companies in the business.”

Attempts to Block the Rules Have Failed

The Obama administration spent more than two years developing the BLM methane rule. Zinke’s initial step to replace it comes after at least four attempts to block or delay it:

• A federal judge in Wyoming denied an industry request for a preliminary injunction before Trump took office.
   
• A repeal effort in Congress failed last May, with the Senate voting 51-49 against Congressional Review Act action that would have barred the executive branch from imposing similar regulations in the future. Sen. John McCain cast the unexpected deciding vote.
   
• Zinke last summer attempted to grant the industry relief from compliance dates, but a federal judge in California in October vacated his action, agreeing with environmental groups that challenged its legality under the law governing the federal rulemaking process, the Administrative Procedures Act.
   
• Zinke followed up in December with a rule that sought to temporarily suspend and delay provisions of the Obama rule, but another federal judge in California ruled on Feb. 22 that the move was illegal. U.S. District Judge William Orrick said the agency was “simply casually ignoring all of its previous findings and arbitrarily changing course.” He said suspending the rule would cause “irreparable harm,” including “the waste of publicly owned natural gas, increased air pollution and associated health impacts, and exacerbated climate impacts.”

“BLM’s proposed rule further reinforces what we’ve known all along: that BLM, with each and every step, is recklessly attempting to block and remove important public safeguards without first going through a reasoned and informed decision-making process,” said Erik Schlenker-Goodrich, executive director of the Western Environmental Law Center in an email. His group argued in court that the 2016 rule remain in place until the Trump administration’s full rulemaking proceeding is complete.

Why Undoing the Rules Is an Uphill Battle

Romany Webb, a climate law fellow at the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University, said the Trump administration’s new proposal appears to initiate the formal rulemaking process that the court previously said would be necessary to undo the rule. It is not clear whether it will be successful.

The Trump administration “certainly faces an uphill battle,” she said. “It has to provide a very strong justification. The courts are clear that they need to show compelling evidence for changing their approach. It can’t just be kind of ‘the agency changed its mind’.”

The heart of the Trump administration’s argument appears to be that the Obama administration erred in its cost-benefit analysis, which concluded that the benefits outweighed the costs by between $46 million and $204 million per year. An analysis by the industry consulting group ClearView Energy Partners concludes that the Trump BLM is using a social cost of methane more than seven times lower than used by the Obama administration to come up with its calculation that the costs of more stringent methane rules would outweigh the benefits.

Clearview wrote that the maneuver—in the form of a new rule, but essentially a repeal—appears to try to balance at the midpoint of Trump’s see-saw of deregulatory impulses: “an ongoing tension between ‘rip-it-up’ rescissions of Obama-era rules (which can appeal to crowds at political rallies) and ‘write-it-again’ proceedings (which have potential to offer industry players long-term regulatory stability).”

The Battle of Cost-Benefit Analyses

The Obama administration had estimated its rule to rein in BLM emissions would curb the equivalent of 4.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually, as much as the greenhouse gas emissions from 950,000 vehicles. It was one of several rules it initiated with a goal of cutting methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by 40 to 45 percent from 2012 levels by 2025—a key element of the nation’s pledge under the Paris climate accord.

Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency has proposed to halt the Obama rule to rein in emissions from new oil and gas operations, and the agency abandoned an effort to collect information to write a rule for existing oil and gas facilities.

The latest draft inventory of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions shows methane emissions from oil and gas operations in 2016 were equivalent to 201.4 million tons of carbon dioxide, down 1 percent from the prior year but up 5 percent from 2012 levels. That puts the methane emissions from oil and gas industry leaks on par with a year’s worth of emissions from 50 coal plants.

The Trump move comes on the heels of an analysis  showing that atmospheric methane concentrations continue to increase globally, despite the trilateral pledge made in 2016 by Obama and the leaders of Canada and Mexico to reduce North American emissions of the potent short-lived climate pollutant.