Ukraine said on Saturday it had downed 74 out of 75 drones Russia launched at it overnight, in what it said was the biggest such attack since the start of the invasion.

The Ukrainian army said Russia had launched a "record number" of Iranian-made Shahed drones, the majority of which targeted Kyiv, causing power cuts as temperatures dipped below freezing.

The drone attack came as Ukraine marked Holodomor Remembrance Day, commemorating the 1930s starvation of millions in Ukraine under Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin.

"The enemy launched a record number of attack drones at Ukraine! The main direction of the attack is Kyiv," said the commander of Ukraine's air force, General Mykola Oleshchuk.

The air force said it had downed "74 out of 75" Shahed drones.

Kyiv authorities said five people — including an 11-year-old — were wounded in the capital, where the air raid lasted six hours.

Falling drone debris had sparked fires and damaged buildings across the city, Kyiv mayor Vitali Klitschko said.

AFP saw Kyiv residents clearing smashed windows and other damage in the city's Dniprovsky district, with ambulances parked nearby.

One of the buildings that was damaged housed a nursery and another had part of its top floor destroyed.

Local resident Viktor Vasylenko said he had soothed his young daughter, who experienced "panic and nausea" during the long night-time attacks as they sheltered in a corridor.

The 38-year-old said his family always has "everything prepared" in case of such attacks, but this was the first time one had hit so close.

"My wife thought that the house would collapse in half," he said.

Latvia's president, Edgars Rinkevics, on a visit to Kyiv during the attack, posted a photo of himself on social media inside a dark bomb shelter.

In a statement, the French foreign ministry condemned the drone barrage "with the utmost firmness."

More than 21 months into Moscow's offensive, fighting is most intense in the east of Ukraine and is now centered around the city of Avdiivka, which is nearly encircled by Russian forces. 

Ukraine's army said that while the "main target" of the attack was Kyiv, air defenses had also been called into action across the south.

Kyiv said it was "symbolic" that the capital had been the subject of such a large-scale attack on the day Ukraine marks Holodomor.

"More than 70 Shahed on the night of the Holodomor Remembrance Day ... The Russian leadership is proud of the fact that it can kill," President Volodymyr Zelensky said on social media. 

Zelensky attended a ceremony with Kyiv's top military brass, holding candles, to mark the event.

"We mark the solemn anniversary of the Holodomor as the brave people of Ukraine continue to defend their freedom and Ukraine's sovereignty against Russia's brutal war of aggression," President Biden said in a statement.

Ukraine says Holodomor — Ukrainian for "death by starvation" — was caused deliberately by Soviet agricultural policies.

Moscow denies this, and says it was part of a wider famine that also affected Russian parts of the Soviet Union.

Zelensky said it was "impossible" for Kyiv to forgive or forget the "horrific crimes of genocide," and thanked the growing number of countries that had recognized Holodomor as a deliberate crime against Ukraine.

"They tried to subjugate us, to kill us, to exterminate us," Zelensky said. "They failed."

Switzerland's President Alain Berset was in Kyiv Saturday and paid homage to the victims of Holodomor that he said was "provoked by Soviet leaders".

The pair discussed "humanitarian demining, the use of frozen profits from the assets of the aggressor country and the peace formula," according to Zelensky. 

Switzerland's famous tradition of neutrality has been tested since Russia invaded Ukraine. The Alpine country has followed the EU's lead on sanctions on Moscow, but has refused to allow countries that hold Swiss-made weapons to send them to Kyiv.

Kyiv has set up a new corridor in the Black Sea since Moscow pulled out of the United Nations-brokered grain deal in July, but it continues to operate under risk.

"We have already accumulated more than $100 million (through the Kyiv-installed corridor)," Zelensky said.

Drones have been extensively used in the conflict, with Ukraine also launching drones into Russia and annexed Crimea. 

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• War
• Ukraine
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• Drone
• Kyiv